各种验证邮件地址的正则表达式

用正则表达式验证邮件地址似乎是一件简单的事情,但是如果要完美的验证一个合规的邮件地址,其实也许很复杂。邮件地址的规范来自于 RFC 5322 。
聊一聊 各种验证邮件地址的正则表达式聊一聊 各种验证邮件地址的正则表达式邮件地址的规范来自于 RFC 5322 。有一个网站 emailregex.com 专门列出各种编程语言下的验证邮件地址的正则表达式,其中很多正则表达式都是我听说过而从未见过的复杂——我想说,做这个网站的程序员是被邮件验证这件事伤害了多深啊!

其实,在产品环境中,一般来说并不需要这么复杂的正则表达式来做到99.99%正确。一般来说,从执行效率和测试覆盖率来说,只需要一个简单的版本即可:

/^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}$/i

那么下面我们来看看这些更严谨、更复杂的正则表达式吧:
验证邮件地址的通用正则表达式(符合 RFC 5322 标准)

(?:[a-z0-9!#$%&’+/=?^_`{|}~-]+(?:/.[a-z0-9!#$%&’+/=?^_`{|}~-]+)|”(?:[/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x21/x23-/x5b/x5d-/x7f]|//[/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f])“)@(?:(?:a-z0-9?/.)+a-z0-9?|/[(?:(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?)/.){3}(?:25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[01]?[0-9][0-9]?|[a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9]:(?:[/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x21-/x5a/x53-/x7f]|//[/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f])+)/])

由于各种语言对正则表达式的支持不同、语法差异和覆盖率不同,所以,不同语言里面的正则表达式也不同:

Python

这个是个简单的版本:

r”(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+/.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)”

Javascript

这个有点复杂了:

/^[-a-z0-9~!$%^&_=+}{/‘?]+(/.[-a-z0-9~!$%^&_=+}{/‘?]+)@([a-z0-9_][-a-z0-9_](/.[-a-z0-9_]+)*/.(aero|arpa|biz|com|coop|edu|gov|info|int|mil|museum|name|net|org|pro|travel|mobi|[a-z][a-z])|([0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}/.[0-9]{1,3}))(:[0-9]{1,5})?$/i

Swift

[A-Z0-9a-z._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+//.[A-Za-z]{2,6}

PHP

PHP 的这个版本就更复杂了,覆盖率就更大一些:

/^(?!(?:(?:/x22?/x5C[/x00-/x7E]/x22?)|(?:/x22?[^/x5C/x22]/x22?)){255,})(?!(?:(?:/x22?/x5C[/x00-/x7E]/x22?)|(?:/x22?[^/x5C/x22]/x22?)){65,}@)(?:(?:[/x21/x23-/x27/x2A/x2B/x2D/x2F-/x39/x3D/x3F/x5E-/x7E]+)|(?:/x22(?:[/x01-/x08/x0B/x0C/x0E-/x1F/x21/x23-/x5B/x5D-/x7F]|(?:/x5C[/x00-/x7F]))/x22))(?:/.(?:(?:[/x21/x23-/x27/x2A/x2B/x2D/x2F-/x39/x3D/x3F/x5E-/x7E]+)|(?:/x22(?:[/x01-/x08/x0B/x0C/x0E-/x1F/x21/x23-/x5B/x5D-/x7F]|(?:/x5C[/x00-/x7F]))/x22)))@(?:(?:(?!.[^.]{64,})(?:(?:(?:xn–)?[a-z0-9]+(?:-[a-z0-9]+)/.){1,126}){1,}(?:(?:[a-z][a-z0-9])|(?:(?:xn–)[a-z0-9]+))(?:-[a-z0-9]+))|(?:/[(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){7})|(?:(?!(?:.[a-f0-9][:/]]){7,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,5})?)))|(?:(?:IPv6:(?:(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){5}:)|(?:(?!(?:.*[a-f0-9]:){5,})(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3})?::(?:[a-f0-9]{1,4}(?::[a-f0-9]{1,4}){0,3}:)?)))?(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))(?:/.(?:(?:25[0-5])|(?:2[0-4][0-9])|(?:1[0-9]{2})|(?:[1-9]?[0-9]))){3}))/]))$/iD

Perl / Ruby

对与 PHP 的版本,Perl 和 Ruby 表示不服,可以更严谨:

(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[/t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])))@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))|(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))/<(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[/t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[/t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))):(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))?(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])))@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))/>(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))|(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])):(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:(?:(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/]/000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])))@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))|(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))/<(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/]/000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))):(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))?(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])))@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))/>(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:,/s(?:(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])))@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))|(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))/<(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:@(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))(?:,@(?:(?:/r/n)?[/t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))):(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))?(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|”(?:[^/“/r//]|//.|(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))“(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])))@(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/[([^/[/]/r//]|//.)/](?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))(?:/.(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])(?:[^()<>@,;://“./[/] /000-/031]+(?:(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t])+|/Z|(?=[/[“()<>@,;://“./[/]]))|/([^/[/]/r//]|//.)*/?[ /t])))/>(?:(?:/r/n)?[ /t]))))?;/s

Perl 5.10 及以后版本

上面的版本,嗯,我可以说是天书吗?反正我是没有解读的想法了。当然,新版本的 Perl 语言还有一个更易读的版本(你是说真的么?)

/(?(DEFINE)
(?

(?&mailbox) | (?&group))
(? (?&name_addr) | (?&addr_spec))
(? (?&display_name)? (?&angle_addr))
(? (?&CFWS)? < (?&addr_spec) > (?&CFWS)?)
(? (?&display_name) : (?:(?&mailbox_list) | (?&CFWS))? ;
(?&CFWS)?)
(? (?&phrase))
(? (?&mailbox) (?: , (?&mailbox))*)

(? (?&local_part) /@ (?&domain))
(? (?&dot_atom) | (?”ed_string))
(? (?&dot_atom) | (?&domain_literal))
(? (?&CFWS)? /[ (?: (?&FWS)? (?&dcontent))* (?&FWS)?
/] (?&CFWS)?)
(? (?&dtext) | (?”ed_pair))
(? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21-/x5a/x5e-/x7e])

(? (?&ALPHA) | (?&DIGIT) | [!#/$%&’+-/=?^_`{|}~])
(? (?&CFWS)? (?&atext)+ (?&CFWS)?)
(? (?&CFWS)? (?&dot_atom_text) (?&CFWS)?)
(? (?&atext)+ (?: /. (?&atext)+)
)

(? [/x01-/x09/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x7f])
(? // (?&text))

(? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21/x23-/x5b/x5d-/x7e])
(? (?&qtext) | (?”ed_pair))
(? (?&CFWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?:(?&FWS)? (?&qcontent))*
(?&FWS)? (?&DQUOTE) (?&CFWS)?)

(? (?&atom) | (?”ed_string))
(? (?&word)+)

#Folding white space
(? (?: (?&WSP) (?&CRLF))? (?&WSP)+)
(? (?&NO_WS_CTL) | [/x21-/x27/x2a-/x5b/x5d-/x7e])
(? (?&ctext) | (?”ed_pair) | (?&comment))
(? /( (?: (?&FWS)? (?&ccontent))
(?&FWS)? /) )
(? (?: (?&FWS)? (?&comment))*
(?: (?:(?&FWS)? (?&comment)) | (?&FWS)))

#No whitespace control
(? [/x01-/x08/x0b/x0c/x0e-/x1f/x7f])

(? [A-Za-z])
(? [0-9])
(? /x0d /x0a)
(? “)
(? [/x20/x09])
)

(?&address)/x

Ruby (简单版)

Ruby 表示,其实人家还有个简单版本:

//A([/w+/-].?)+@[a-z/d/-]+(/.[a-z]+)*/.[a-z]+/z/i

.NET

这样的版本谁没有啊——.NET 说:

^/w+([-+.’]/w+)@/w+([-.]/w+)/./w+([-.]/w+)*$

grep 命令

用 grep 命令在文件中查找邮件地址,我想你不会写个若干行的正则表达式吧,意思一下就行了:

$ grep -E -o “/b[A-Za-z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Za-z0-9.-]+/.[A-Za-z]{2,6}/b” filename.txt

SQL Server

在 SQL Server 中也是可以用正则表达式的,不过这个代码片段应该是来自某个产品环境中的,所以,还体贴的照顾了那些把邮件地址写错的人:

select email
from table_name where
patindex (‘%[ &’’,”:;!+=//()<>]%’, email) > 0 – Invalid characters
or patindex (‘[@.-_]%’, email) > 0 – Valid but cannot be starting character
or patindex (‘%[@.-_]’, email) > 0 – Valid but cannot be ending character
or email not like ‘%@%.%’ – Must contain at least one @ and one .
or email like ‘%..%’ – Cannot have two periods in a row
or email like ‘%@%@%’ – Cannot have two @ anywhere
or email like ‘%.@%’ or email like ‘%@.%’ – Cannot have @ and . next to each other
or email like ‘%.cm’ or email like ‘%.co’ – Camaroon or Colombia? Typos.
or email like ‘%.or’ or email like ‘%.ne’ – Missing last letter

Oracle PL/SQL

这个是不是有点偷懒?尤其是在那些“复杂”的正则表达式之后:

SELECT email
FROM table_name
WHERE REGEXP_LIKE (email, ‘[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9._%-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}’);

MySQL

好吧,看来最后也一样懒:

SELECT * FROM users WHERE email NOT REGEXP ‘^[A-Z0-9._%-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+/.[A-Z]{2,4}$’;

那么,你有没有关于验证邮件地址的正则表达式分享给大家?